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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforRating-ScaleMeasuresRelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord
【原文标准名称】:与电子健康记录相关的等级划分测量的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME2171-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E31.25
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:EHRS(electronichealthrecordsystem);Mathematicalmodels/modeling;Patientbiographical/medicaldata;Psychosocialfunctionmeasurement;Raschmathematicalmodel;Scale-freemathematicalmodels;Spiritualwell-beingdataqualityindex
【摘要】:ThesimplicityandpracticalityofRasch''sprobabilisticscale-freemeasurementmodelshavebroughtwithinreachuniversalmetricsforeducationalandpsychologicaltests,andforratingscale-basedinstrumentsingeneral.Thereareatleast3implicationstotheapplicationofRasch''smodelstothehealth-relatedcalibrationofuniversalmetricsforeachofthevariablesrelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord(EHR)thataretypicallymeasuredusingratingscaleinstruments.First,establishingasinglemetricstandardwithadefinedrangeandunitwillarresttheburgeoningproliferationofnewscale-dependentmetrics.Second,thecommunicationoftheinformationpertainingtopatientstatusrepresentedbythesemeasures(physical,cognitive,andpsychosocialhealthstatus,qualityoflife,satisfactionwithservices,etc.)willbesimplified.Third,commonstandardsofdataqualitywillbeusedtoevaluateandimproveinstrumentperformance.Thevastmajorityoftestandsurveydataqualityiscurrentlyalmostcompletelyunknown,andwhenqualityisevaluated,itisviamanydifferentmethodsthatareofteninsufficienttothetask,misapplied,misinterpreted,orevencontradictoryintheiraims.Fourth,currentlyunavailableeconomicbenefitswillaccruefromtheimplementationofmeasurementmethodsbasedonquality-assesseddataandwidelyacceptedreferencestandardmetrics.Thepotentialmagnitudeofthesebenefitscanbeseeninanassessmentof12differentmetrologicalimprovementstudiesconductedbytheNationalScienceandTechnologyCouncil(SubcommitteeonResearch,1996).Theaveragereturnoninvestmentassociatedwiththesetwelvestudieswas147%.Isthereanyreasontosupposethatsimilarinstrumentimprovementeffortsinthepsychosocialscienceswillresultinmarkedlylowerreturns?Untilnow,ithasbeenassumedthatthePracticeE1384wouldnecessarilyhavetostipulatefieldsfortheEHRthatwouldcontainsummaryscoresfromcommonlyusedfunctionalassessment,healthstatus,qualityoflife,andsatisfactioninstruments.Thisisbecausestandardsforratingscaleinstrumentstodatehavebeenentirelycontent-based.Thosewhohavesoughtx201C;goldx201D;orcriterionstandardsthatwouldcommanduniversalrespectandrelevancehavebeenstymiedbytheimpossibilityofidentifyingcontent(surveyquestionsandratingcategories)capableofsatisfyingallusers''needs.Communicationofpatientstatisticsbetweenmanagersandclinicians,orpayorsandproviders,mayrequireonekindofinformation;betweenprovidersandreferralsources,otherkinds;betweenprovidersandaccreditors,yetanother;amongcliniciansthemselves,stillanother;andevenmorekindsofinformationmayberequiredforresearchapplications.Forinstance,payorsmaywanttoknowoutcomeinformationthattellsthemwhatpercentageofpatientsdischargedcanfunctionindependentlyathome.Ahospitalmanager,referralsource,oraccreditormightwanttoknowmoredetail,suchaspercentagesofpatientsdischargedwhocandress,bathe,walk,andeatindependently.Clinicianswillwanttoknowstillmoredetailaboutamountsofindependence,suchaswhethertherearesafetyissues,needsforassistivedevices,orspecificareasinwhichfunctionalitycouldbeimproved.Researchersmayseekevenmoredetailyet,astheyevaluatedifferencesinoutcomesacrosstreatmentprograms,diagnosticgroups,facilities,levelsofcare,etc.Membersofeachofthesegroupshave,atsometime,feltthattheirparticularinformationneedshavenotbeenmetbythetoolsdesignedanddevelopedbymembersofanothergroup.Despitethefactthattheinformationprovidedbythesedifferenttoolsappearsinmanydifferentformsandatdifferentlevelsofdetail,totheextentthatthe........
【中国标准分类号】:C07
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_80
【页数】:23P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Flexibleandrigidcellularpolymericmaterials-Acceleratedagingtests
【原文标准名称】:软质泡沫和硬泡沫聚合物材料.加速老化试验
【标准号】:BSENISO2440-1999+A1-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2000-11-15
【实施或试行日期】:2000-11-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:加速试验;老化;老化试验;人工老化试验;多孔材料;柔性材料;泡沫橡胶;热老化试验;实验室测试;胶乳;材料;材料测试;天然橡胶;氧化;物理性能;塑料;塑料和橡胶技术;高聚物;聚氨酯;硬质泡沫塑料;橡胶;软泡沫;合成橡胶;试验设备;试验
【英文主题词】:Accelerationtests;Ageing(materials);Ageingtests;Artificialageingtests;Cellularmaterials;Flexiblematerials;Foamedrubber;Heatageingtests;Laboratorytesting;Latices;Materials;Materialstesting;Naturalrubber;Oxidation;Physicalproperties;Plastics;Plasticsandrubbertechnology;Polymers;Polyurethane;Rigidfoams;Rubber;Softfoams;Syntheticrubber;Testequipment;Testing
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardspecifies,forflexibleandrigidcellularpolymericmaterials,laboratoryprocedureswhichareintendedtoimitatetheeffectsofnaturallyoccurringreactionssuchasoxidationorhydrolysisbyhumidity.Thephysicalpropertiesofinterestaremeasuredbeforeandaftertheapplicationofthespecifiedtreatments.Testconditionsareonlygivenforopencellularlatex,bothopen-andclosed-cellpolyurethanefoams,andclosed-cellpolyolefinfoams.Conditionsforothermaterialswillbeaddedasrequired.Theeffectoftheageingproceduresonanyofthephysicalpropertiesofthematerialmaybeexamined,butthosenormallytestedareeithertheelongationandtensileproperties,orthecompressionorindentationhardnessproperties.Thesetestsdonotnecessarilycorrelateeitherwithservicebehaviourorwithageingbyexposuretolight.
【中国标准分类号】:G30;G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_100
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语